Mastering different basic spatial transformations is characteristic of the fourth basic routine of spatial thinking.
References between the source object and the target object (before and after performing spatial transformations) can be recognized. The basic spatial transformations of this basic routine include rotation, translation, mirroring, and scaling. The objects are visible either completely or partially in the initial and final positions. This basic routine has references to Frostig’s Position in Space factor and to the Visualization, Mental Rotation, and Spatial Relations factors of the “classical” factors of spatial ability and focuses specifically on the ability to comprehend and perform basic spatial transformations in real and mental terms.